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Anxiety Attacks - Causes and Symptoms - But Are the Treatments Effective?

Anxiety attacks or panic attacks affect millions of people every day. Sufferers who experience repeated attacks develop a low level persistent fear of the next attack and worry about whether they will be able to cope with whatever they might be doing when it overtakes them. This ongoing fear and the stress that it induces makes the sufferer even more prone to further anxiety attacks. This condition is known as Anxiety Disorder or Panic Disorder.

Causes

There are a number of causes that have been identified. One of the two most common is the loss of someone to whom the sufferer was emotionally attached such as through the death of a parent. The other most common cause is a situation or set of circumstances in which the sufferer feels or perceives themself to be trapped. This might be, for example, a job or a relationship. Anxiety attacks can be caused by other psychological conditions such as Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder and phobias. It is also possible for some unfortunate sufferers to have inherited a predisposition to anxiety attacks.

Symptoms

There is a whole range of symptoms which a sufferer might experience and they can occur in any combination. The most frequently reported are:

• heart racing or pounding
• difficulty in breathing
• tightness in the chest
• painful throat
• hot flashes and sweating
• chills
• nausea
• stomach cramps
• tingling sensations usually in the fingers and toes
• feeling detached from reality

Each sufferer will experience some combination of these symptoms although not necessarily all of them.

Treatments

The conventional treatment for anxiety panic attacks is medication usually combined with psychotherapy, commonly Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. The medication is nowadays a member of either the SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) or benzodiazepine groups of antidepressant drugs. Examples of SSRIs are Zoloft and Paxil while Klonopin is a benzodiazepine. These types of medication commonly produce side effects such as headaches, nausea, weight gain or increased blood pressure.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is used to help the patient discover the underlying irrational thoughts and emotions which cause their panic attacks and gradually expose them to situations that usually trigger their attacks to desensitize them. Coping strategies such as breathing and relaxation exercises and positive and affirmative thinking are also used. Hypnotherapy is sometimes used to help lower overall stress levels and reduce susceptibility to anxiety attacks.

With all these treatments available it is remarkable that so many online and offline resources exist to help anxiety or panic attack sufferers. A Google search on the term anxiety attacks produces over a million results and the first few pages are taken up with self-help sites and support forum sites. This suggests that conventional treatments are inadequate and that sufferers face a lifetime of drugs and therapy.